北京密云地区辐射与能量平衡特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘寿东  王秀丽  王咏薇  徐自为  杨澄  唐玉琪 《高原气象》2011,30(4):996-1004

利用北京密云站2007年1,4,8和10月辐射及湍流通量观测资料,分析了农林混合非均匀下垫面晴天、阴天条件下的辐射平衡、反照率及能量平衡特征。结果表明：（1）1,4,8和10月能量平衡闭合度（OLS方法）分别为82%,97%,72%和83%,总体闭合度为76%,数据质量较好;（2）晴天向上长波辐射1,4,8和10月平均...  相似文献   

极地冰盖物质平衡的最新进展与未来挑战          下载免费PDF全文

王慧孙波  李斐唐学远  崔祥斌王甜甜 《极地研究》2015,27(3):326-336

准确地探明冰盖物质平衡状况,对于研究全球变暖背景下海平面变化具有重要的意义,自IPCC AR4(政府间气候变化专门委员会第四次报告)以来,极地冰盖物质平衡的研究取得了很大进展。本文总结并对比了用卫星测高(雷达测高和激光测高)、物质收支测量和重力测量等方法得到的冰盖物质平衡评估结果,综述了冰盖数值模拟研究在预测冰盖未来的变化趋势以及由此对海平面造成的影响等方面取得的进展,并立足于中国当前的极地冰盖物质平衡研究现状,提出了该研究所面临的挑战。  相似文献   

Accounting for the solar radiation in thermal regime prediction for railway subgrade in cold regions     

Alexander Isakov  Anna Lavrova 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(4):293-299

This paper presents a comparative analysis of simulation processes of seasonal freezing-thawing of railway subgrade and permafrost degradation, with and without accounting for solar radiation. Also, the effect of sun screens to reduce the degradation of subgrade permafrost under different climatic conditions is numerically substantiated. And finally, the temperature criterion of the origination of permafrost is illustrated.  相似文献   

南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域表层水镭同位素的分布及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈倩娜  任春燕  李琦  李敬轩  贾仁明  郑敏芳  邱雨生  陈敏 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):77-87

中国第27次南极科学考察期间(2010年12月30日至2011年1月16日),对普里兹湾及其邻近海域表层海水进行了226Ra和228Ra的分析,结果表明:226Ra和228Ra比活度的变化范围分别为1.47—2.43Bq/m3和0.17—0.45Bq/m3,平均值分别为2.13Bq/m3和0.29Bq/m3,228Ra/226Ra)A.R.(228Ra与226Ra的活度比)的变化范围为0.08—0.20,平均值为0.14。根据盐度和226Ra的质量平衡方程,计算出研究海域表层水中冰融水、南极夏季表层水和普里兹湾中深层水的份额。研究海域表层水中温度、盐度、226Ra、228Ra、228Ra/226Ra)A.R.和冰融水份额的空间分布显示,在埃默里冰架前沿海域,西侧海域较东侧海域具有低温、高盐、高226Ra、低228Ra、低228Ra/226Ra)A.R.、低冰融水份额的特征,证实埃默里冰架下水体东进西出的运动规律。根据埃默里冰架前沿东、西侧水体228Ra/226Ra)A.R.的差异,估算出埃默里冰架下表层水体东进西出所经历的时间为1.85a。此外,在普里兹湾湾口中部海域(66.5—67.5°S,72°—74°E),观察到次表层水的上升通风作用,该区域较高的228Ra含量和228Ra/226Ra)A.R.证明这些表层水体并非来自湾外绕极深层水的上涌,而可能来自湾内埃默里冰架输出水体。  相似文献   

西沙群岛生物碳酸盐的成因和沉积:来自活体仙掌藻的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许红  赵新伟  Gregor P. Eberli  LIU Xinyu  朱玉瑞  蔡瑛  LUO Wei  闫桂京  张柏林  魏凯  施剑 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):62-73

A recent island survey reveals that the Xuande Atoll and the Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands can be classified into one of two systems: the depleted atoll system and growth atoll system; the survey also indicates that the decreased area of several shoals is an unbearable burden for the Xisha Islands, of which the largest island area is 2.13 km2 and the minimum elevation is 1.4 m. According to a survey on the ecological characteristics of Halimeda in the Laolongtou breaker zone of Shidao Island in the Xisha Islands, the green and white living Halimeda are collected,the isotopic ages of 14 C contained in the Halimeda are shown to be 27 years and 55 years, respectively, and carbonate mainly occurs in five types, i.e., luster, segment, sand, sand grain, and marl in the formation. The Halimeda segments mainly provide the carbonate sediments of long-term biogenic deposits in the reef environment and the annual productivity per area is 60–100 g/m2; the characteristics of the microstructure of the Halimeda are analyzed, the aragonite raphide carbonate is deposited and enriched in the cortexes, medullas and cysts, and the Halimeda generally contain major elements such as C, O, Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, S and Al, and are rich in trace elements such as tellurium(Te), rhodium(Rh) and strontium. It is believed that the Halimeda grow slowly,including the biotic community of reef corals in the reef areas, thus they possess an environmental remediation capacity, but it takes much time to remedy the environment, and it is necessary to make the law to protect the diversity and vulnerability of the Xisha marine ecology, the ecology of the reef community and the island environment in a scientific way. As indicated in the survey, under the background of global warming and sea-level rise, the discovery of large amounts of Halimeda in the Laolongtou sea area is significant for the natural increase of the depleted atoll system of the Xuande Atoll, while the Halimeda segments represent the primary form of the fossil Halimeda, of which the species can be identified and preserved in great numbers under geological conditions. The Miocene was discovered in large amounts in the Xichen-1 well, therefore the study on the characteristics and mechanism of Halimeda carbonate sediments plays a pivotal role in the formation and construction of organic reefs in the South China Sea as well as oil and gas exploration.  相似文献   

Continuous inline mapping of a dissolved methane plume at a blowout site in the Central North Sea UK using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer – Water column stratification impedes immediate methane release into the atmosphere     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

The dissolved methane (CH₄) plume rising from the crater of the blowout well 22/4b in the Central North Sea was mapped during stratified water column conditions. Geochemical surveys were conducted close to the seafloor at 80.3 m water depth, below the thermocline (61.1 m), and in the mixed surface layer (13.2 m) using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) in combination with a towed CTD. Seawater was continuously transferred from the respective depth levels of the CTD to the MIMS by using an inline submersible pump. Close to the seafloor a well-defined CH₄ plume extended from the bubble release site ∼460 m towards the southwest. Along this distance CH₄ concentrations decreased from a maximum of 7872 nmol l⁻¹ to less than 250 nmol l⁻¹. Below the thermocline the well-defined CH₄ plume shape encountered at the seafloor was distorted and filaments were observed that extended towards the west and southwest in relation to current direction. Where the core of the bubble plume intersected this depth layer, footprints of high CH₄ concentrations of up to 17,900 nmol l⁻¹ were observed. In the mixed surface layer the CH₄ distribution with a maximum of up to 3654 nmol l⁻¹ was confined to a small patch of ∼60 m in diameter. The determination of the water column CH₄ inventories revealed that CH₄ transfer across the thermocline was strongly impeded as only ∼3% of the total water column inventory was located in the mixed surface layer. Best estimate of the CH₄ seabed release from the blowout was 1751 tons yr⁻¹. The fate of the trapped CH₄ (∼97%) that does not immediately reach the atmosphere remains speculative. In wintertime, when the water column becomes well mixed as well as during storm events newly released CH₄ and the trapped CH₄ pool can be transported rapidly to the sea surface and emitted into the atmosphere.  相似文献   

冬、夏季渤黄海表层沉积物粒度特征差异及其成因分析     

王晓磊  冯秀丽  刘潇  刘杰  权永峥 《海洋科学》2015,39(8):63-69

对渤海、黄海海域冬、夏两季表层沉积物取样,通过激光粒度仪得出粒度参数,进而分析讨论冬季强的沿岸流的作用、黄海暖流、夏季冷水团的影响以及地形、海底地貌特征、物源特征等对表层沉积物分布造成的影响。结果表明,冬、夏两季渤黄海表层沉积物粒度特征总体上相差不大,但部分海域如渤海中北部、渤海中南部、北黄海西北部近渤海海峡北部海域、山东半岛东北部海域、南黄海中部沉积物粒度特征存在明显季节性差异。表层沉积物粒度特征季节性差异与地形地貌、沿岸流、黄海暖流、黄海冷水团及物源密切相关。本研究对于探讨渤黄海不同季节表层沉积物沉积特征的影响机制、了解渤黄海区海洋动力过程的季节差异有积极意义。  相似文献   

家庭无线网络分享可行性研究——基于无线网络的流量银行wlanbank     

闫璟 《成都信息工程学院学报》2015,30(2)

在对当前无线网络供求特征分析的基础上,通过研究路由器Openwrt系统的网络架构,对该设计平台下实现无线网络分享的可行性进行探讨.基于Openwrt平台,将无线网络分享及流量平衡的理念引入方案设计中,利用C++语言实现并建立了无线网络流量银行Wlanbank(Wireless LocalArea Networks bank),并对该流量银行的功能和实用性进行了分析.该平台能够方便地实现家庭网络的相互分享,包括客户端与服务器的定时通信、流量结算以及路由器的远程管理等功能.该无线网络分享平台参考金融秩序中的货币流通方式,在流量银行Wlanbank系统中实现在用户互相之间的转账流量交易来获得无线网络的使用,遵循“分享才能使用”、“分享的越多才能使用的越多”的理念,在流量流通过程中制造一种类似金融秩序的平衡,在不损害用户利益的基础上,扩大无线网络覆盖率.  相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术在复杂地质隧道岩体信息获取中的优化     

师海  白明洲  李丽  田岗  张云龙 《测绘工程》2015,(6)

为了更高效、高精度地获取岩体结构面信息,借助三维激光扫描技术,提出并建立一种基于Kriging算子和最小二乘法组合的点云插值方法。首先对获取的隧道点云数据利用单一的最小二乘法进行插值,并以此为基础,结合Kriging算子的适应度函数建立组合插值模型。在利用三维激光扫描仪已获取的某岩溶隧道的原始点云数据的基础上,运用组合模型进行插值处理,以此获取岩体结构面信息,并将组合方法得到的结果与单一的插值方法进行对比,发现组合方法插值效果较好,误差也较小。基于Kriging算法和最小二乘法结合的插值方法,在利用三维激光扫描技术获取岩溶隧道岩体几何信息—结构面产状的过程中能更加精确、全面,并可以用于岩体稳定性评价。  相似文献   

面向航空影像匀光的改进马斯克法     

张庆闯 《测绘科学》2015,40(5)

针对光学遥感影像匀光中的马斯克匀光方法的实现需要较大的滤波窗口,易导致匀光的结果对影像中的水体、阴影等存在较大的辐射增强,以及对影像的边缘处理有较大的误差等问题,该文提出改进的马斯克匀光方法:首先生成背景影像;然后对输入影像与获得的背景影像复合进行锐化增强;最后对锐化增强的结果进行拉伸处理。试验结果表明,该方法可以在滤波器窗口为3或5的情况下在对影像匀光的同时实现锐化增强。  相似文献